Ethanol Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ethanol Summary - Essay Example Notwithstanding DOE's endeavors to diminish carbon discharges, one methodology of the Office of Fossil Energy is to chip away at sequestering ozone depleting substances that may one day for all intents and purposes wipe out worries over outflows of ozone depleting substances from fossil vitality frameworks. Carbon catch and sequestration frameworks could store, convert, or reuse ozone depleting substances, keeping them from working up the climate. Another activity called Advance Energy Initiative of the organization is to engage the improvement in keeping up biological parity to offer the individuals clean, cost-productive, and solid vitality administrations. Given all the data, it doesn't recommend the option of preserving vitality, in light of the fact that solitary the decrease of GHG outflows has been underscored. Be that as it may, DOE intends to diminish an Earth-wide temperature boost gases dependent on the office's drive to join forces with volunteers, and the systems framed to manage the environmental issue. Plans, for example, these can be a decent option in contrast to the Kyoto Protocol since they share a similar objective to diminish GHG outflows. One proposal that I can offer the U.S.

African American Essay Essay Example for Free

African American Essay African American writing is enthralling, ground-breaking, otherworldly, and passionate. The repetitive subject is bondage yet there are others, for example, imbalance among genders and races, bad form, disdain, and the solid faith in religion. These bits of writing have been told by the people who experienced the experience of subjection, for example, Frederick Douglass and others, similar to Jamaica Kincaid who have an energy for composing. The essayists who experienced servitude themselves had contrasting perspectives on their experience and relationship with their lord. These bits of writing share the agony, quality, grief and will to go that every one of these people experienced. The main perusing is, To My Old Master, by Jourdan Anderson. This bit of writing is Anderson’s reaction to a letter he has gotten from his old ace. It is a convincing tale about how horrible and awful the Whites treated the African Americans. The ace want’s Anderson and his family to return and work for him. He reminds the ace about how ineffectively they were dealt with while working for him. Anderson states, â€Å"Although you took shots at me twice before I left you, I would not like to know about your being harmed, and am happy you are as yet living. † (1865, p. 15). Anderson tells the ace that he is bringing in cash and his family is living and progressing admirably. He even communicates that his kids are accepting an instruction now. It is exceptionally clear to the peruser that Anderson’s spouse wouldn't like to return and work for the ace. â€Å"Mandy says she would be reluctant to return without some verification that you were arranged to treat us evenhandedly and merciful; and we have finished up to test your earnestness by requesting that you send us our wages for the time we served you. † (1865, p. 16). Anderson recalls how horrendously the lady and young ladies were dealt with, and he will never permit his little girls to experience that experience. â€Å"I would remain here and starve-and pass on, in the event that it end up like that-than to have my young ladies brought to disgrace by the savagery and devilishness of their young experts. † (1865, p. 16) The finish of the story the peruser still feels Anderson’s disdain and harshness toward the ace. The following story and the one piece I delighted in the most is, â€Å"White Folks Treated Us Good† by Marriah Hines. Hines states, â€Å"My white individuals treated us tolerable. † (p. 32). She goes onto further clarify how her lord feed, dressed, and kept them well. Hines clarifies how horrendous master’s treated different slaves. â€Å"Some awful people for all intents and purposes have nothing to eat. Why, the manner in which their proprietors treated them was shocking treated them like cats and canines† (Hines, p. 32). Hines sounds lucky and fortunate to have worked for her lord. The ace gave the slaves Sunday off to rest and even permitted them to go to Church. Not at all like different slaves Hines was rarely assaulted, beaten, or treated in a physical loathsome way. The convincing piece of this piece occured when the slaves were permitted to leave; the majority of them decide to remain. â€Å"Most of us remained in that spot and raised our own yields. † (p. 34). Hines knew about her opportunity yet had confidence in her steadfastness to her lord and his family. The ace furnished her with help and backing. An uncommon event to peruse an African American bit of writing that discusses an ace in a positive and aware way. This ace was an alternate man of his time. He didn't exploit his slaves or treat them in a repulsive way. This ace utilized his captives to mind and run his property however approached them with deference and respect, they merited. Hines went onto, wed Benjamin F. Hines and bring forth five youngsters. The last bit of writing is, â€Å"If We Must Die† by Claude McKay. This sonnet is about how appallingly and disturbing Whites treated African Americans. It is expounded on the race revolts in 1919. It portrays the quality of the African Americans facing the Whites regardless of whether it at last implied kicking the bucket. McKay states, â€Å"Like men we’ll face the lethal, apprehensive pack, squeezed to the divider, biting the dust yet retaliating! † (p. 378). This sonnet epitomizes the fortitude and the will to battle for what is correct in any case these individuals would have been beaten and slaughtered for the remainder of their lives. There will consistently be a nearness of prejudice on the planet and explicitly in the United States of America. Still today African Americans are dealt with similarly as Whites. In spite of the fact that we as a nation have come an extremely long path there is despite everything work to be finished. The more we instruct individuals the less we will encounter obliviousness. The abhor and the possibility of mediocrity will slow decrease if individuals become taught. I can end gladly expressing that I am hitched to a Black man and we have two delightful little girls, and I give a colossal measure of regard to the individuals who battled for what was correct. References Anderson, J. (1865). To my old ace. In I. Reed (Ed. ), African American Literature. Abrief presentation and compilation (pp. 15-16). New York: The Longman LiteraryMosaic Series. [serial online]. December 2005;36(4):299-323. Accessible from:Academic Search Complete, Ipswich, MA. Gotten to May 23, 2011. Hines, M. (n. d. ). My white people treated us great. In I. Reed (Ed. ), African Americanliterature. A concise presentation and collection (pp. 21-25). New York: TheLongman Literary Mosaic Series. [serial online]. December 2005;36(4):299-323. Accessible from: Academic Search Complete, Ipswich, MA. Gotten to May 21,2011. McKay, C. (n. d. ). On the off chance that we should kick the bucket. In I. Reed (Ed. ), African American writing. Abriefintroduction and compilation (pp. 378). New York: The Longman LiterarySeries[serial online]. December 2005;36(4):299-323. Accessible from: AcademicSearchComplete, Ipswich, MA. Gotten to Dec, 2011.

Blog Archive Friday Factoid Program for Financial Studies at Columbia Business School

Blog Archive Friday Factoid Program for Financial Studies at Columbia Business School Already well known as a finance powerhouse, Columbia Business School (CBS) stepped up its finance game in 2010 with the establishment of the  Program for Financial Studies. This umbrella initiative connects faculty who approach financial studies from a variety of disciplines with students, alumni, and external organizations. The program’s main goals are to support research, to enhance the CBS finance curriculum and related resources, and to create opportunities for the exchange of ideas between CBS students and faculty and members of the external finance community. Finance enthusiasts will enjoy the program’s case studies, including “The Norwegian Government Pension Fund: The Divestiture of Wal-Mart Stores Inc.,” written by Professor Andrew Ang, and “Don’t Be Evil: Google’s 2004 Dutch Auction Initial Public Offering,” written by the program’s director, Professor Laurie Hodrick. Share ThisTweet Columbia University (Columbia Business School) Friday Factoids Blog Archive Friday Factoid Program for Financial Studies at Columbia Business School Already well known as a finance powerhouse, Columbia Business School (CBS) stepped up its finance game in 2010 with the establishment of the  Program for Financial Studies. This umbrella initiative connects faculty who approach financial studies from a variety of disciplines with students, alumni, and external organizations. The program’s main goals are to support research, to enhance the CBS finance curriculum and related resources, and to create opportunities for the exchange of ideas between CBS students and faculty and members of the external finance community. Finance enthusiasts will enjoy the program’s case studies, including “The Norwegian Government Pension Fund: The Divestiture of Wal-Mart Stores Inc.,” written by Professor Andrew Ang, and “Don’t Be Evil: Google’s 2004 Dutch Auction Initial Public Offering,” written by the program’s director, Professor Laurie Simon Hodrick. Share ThisTweet Columbia University (Columbia Business School) Friday Factoids Blog Archive Friday Factoid Program for Financial Studies at Columbia Business School Already well known as a finance powerhouse, Columbia Business School (CBS) stepped up its finance game in 2010 with the establishment of the  Program for Financial Studies. This umbrella initiative connects faculty who approach financial studies from a variety of disciplines with students, alumni, and external organizations. The program’s main goals are to support research, to enhance the CBS finance curriculum and related resources, and to create opportunities for the exchange of ideas between CBS students and faculty and members of the external finance community. Finance enthusiasts will enjoy the program’s case studies, including “The Norwegian Government Pension Fund: The Divestiture of Wal-Mart Inc.,” written by Professor Andrew Ang, and “Don’t Be Evil: Google’s 2004 Dutch Auction Initial Public Offering,” written by the program’s director, Professor Laurie Hodrick. Share ThisTweet Columbia University (Columbia Business School) Friday Factoids

Security Controls Hardware And Software Theft And Vandalism

Preventive Security Controls – Hardware/Software Theft and Vandalism Hardware Theft is the act of staling computer equipment. Hardware Vandalism is the act of defacing or destroying computer equipment. The pharmacy could employ an alarm system or small locking devices for the prevention of hardware theft. They could also employ a Real-Time Location System (RTLS), which tracks and identifies the location of high-risk or high-value items. The pharmacy could also incorporate a property management system by which all equipment purchased and operated in the pharmacy can be documented and easily located or reported stolen during periodic inspections. The equipment could also be tagged with Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID). Pharmacy equipment can be tracked from the date of receipt unto the end of its life cycle. Software theft is classified as when someone either steals software media, intentionally erases programs, illegally copies a program, or illegally resister and /or activates a program. Software Piracy is by far the most common type of s oftware theft. Original copies of software should be kept in a secure location (Santos, 2013, p. 1). Preventive Security Controls – Unstable Power Supply The pharmacy should install an alternative generator and Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) to protect its electronic equipment, or purchase an alternative power distribution system to provide UPS throughout for the entire building. UPS will allow whatever is pluggedShow MoreRelatedFDEME3L memo 2015928 Words   |  4 Pagesof concepts Concept Computer security risk Any event or action that has the potential of causing a loss of computer equipmentï‚Å', softwareï‚Å', data and informationï‚Å', or processing capabilityï‚Å'. One of the following examples Computer viruses, unauthorized access and use, information theft, hardware and software theft, vandalism, system failure, etc. ï‚Å' Computer literacy Having current knowledgeï‚Å' and understandingï‚Å' of computersï‚Å' and their uses ï‚Å' ï‚ § The hardware and software of computers ï‚ § General uses ofRead MoreRisk Management Plan For A Risk Assessment879 Words   |  4 Pagesis not created and implemented, there is greater chance of failure. The purpose of this risk assessment plan is to update the existing out-of-date risk management plan. The scope of the plan will include: †¢ List of threats and vulnerabilities †¢ Security †¢ Responsibilities assigned †¢ Recommendations for mitigation †¢ Cost-benefit analysis †¢ Documentation †¢ Milestones The approach to a risk assessment could be done a couple different ways. One of the ways it could be done is by using a what-if analysisRead MorePark Community Library : Security Plan1429 Words   |  6 PagesLibrary – Security Plan Photo: Library Entrance Photo: Arial View,  © Google 2014 The Severna Park Community Library is located at 45 West McKinsey Road, Severna Park, Maryland. Built in 1972 (AACPL Facilities Master Plan, 2011). The Library is the fourth largest of Anne Arundel County’s regional libraries with over 24,474 cardholders (Roche, 2014). The following â€Å"Security Plan† is based on information gathered during my security survey conductedRead MoreCyber Case Study912 Words   |  4 Pagessame time, greater connectivity provides more potential attack vectors. Below are some of the cyber threats that educational institutions come across. 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Training provides up-to-date information on new security measures as well as ‘what-to-do’ lists that all employees can follow in the instance of any issues. Policies and procedures within a risk mitigation plan are set in place to achieve the most current security methods that any company must follow in any market of today’s society. These are created not only to help a company remain secure within theRead MorePhysical Security2128 Words   |  9 PagesPhysical Security Table of Contents INTRODUCTION III ELEMENTS AND DESIGN III EXAMPLES OF PHYSICAL SECURITY III PHYSICAL SECURITY ELECTRONIC ACCESS III CASINOS AND GAMING III EDUCATION III TRANSPORTATION III Goggle Search iii Dictionary Search iii Introduction This paper examines Physical Security from the perspective of perimeter such as gates/guards, building access controls, room access controls, enforcement options, auditing approaches, risk determination for physicalRead MoreEnterprise Security Plan Cmgt/4302078 Words   |  9 PagesEnterprise Security Plan CMGT/430 Enterprise Security Plan This Enterprise Security Plan (ESP) for Riordan Manufacturing employees the levels of security required to protect the network and resources utilized to communicate. It is intended purpose is to formulate a means to counterattack against security risk from potential threat. The ESP servers as a way to identify risks and to ensure a contingency plan is in place to protect the availability, integrity, and confidentiality of the RiordanRead MoreWhat Is Physical Security?1642 Words   |  7 Pagesquestion, â€Å"What is security?† the response of the majority of the population would likely be: alarm systems, guards in uniform, locks, and barred doors windows. While this is always a great place to start, these are not the only measures that need to be considered when making an effort to secure an information system. Because physical security is a pivotal component of all security plans and is key to all security efforts, it makes the initiation of access control, software secu rity, information technology

Should Sex Education Be Taught - 1124 Words

Sex is always a touchy subject, adolescents feel embarrassed discussing it with their parents or teacher and adults feel awkward answering questions. When people discuss being pregnant or breastfeed it’s often referred to as a natural thing, but when discussing sex it is a natural thing that a lot of adults feel uncomfortable confronting. There can be number of problems that can occur in the area of adolescent sexuality, but it is important to keep in mind majority of adolescents have healthy sexual attitudes and engage in sexual behaviors that will not compromise their journey to adulthood (Adolescence pg. 193). Are the â€Å"suttle† and â€Å"private† talks about sex harming adolescents versus helping them? Is the sex education that is being taught being embedded in adolescent’s heads? Many people have a different opinion on wither sex education should be taught in school and how it should be taught. When looking at the statistics, sex education can play an important role in adolescents now days. In 2011 54% of twelfth graders have had sexual intercourse and 38% were currently sexually active (Adolescence pg. 197). Many adolescents that are sexually active do not use contraceptives. 34% of the sexually active adolescents did not use contraceptives the last time they had intercourse (Adolescence pg. 206). I am all for teaching adolescents about abstinence but truth of the matter sex is becoming more and more popular in adolescent lives. The way sex education is being presentedShow MoreRelatedShould Sex Education Be Taught?1553 Words   |  7 Pageschildren get the proper education they need so they are aware and are able to protect themselves. The way sex education should be taught is debated among parents, educators, religious groups, and society. Some people believe in abstinence only curriculum while others believe a comprehensive curriculum is more effective. Values, beliefs, and funds can affect how students are being taught. It is important that we pick a curriculum that works best for the students. Sex education can vary in what theyRead MoreShould Sex Education Be Taught?862 Words   |  4 Pageswrite about is Sex Education in the classroom. Almost all student in the USA receive some type of sex education between the grades 7th and 12th. Sometime even as early as 4th grade. Many states now have laws that do not allow the parents to opt out of the class, regardless of how they feel about their child being taught, these things (Contemporary Education Issues | K12 Academics, 2015). While some states leave it up to the individual district to set the rules for sex education in the districtRead MoreShould Sex Education Be Taught? Essay1360 Words   |  6 Pagesaddressing sex education in my classroom. The state-mandated teaching standards promoting a biased, abstinence-only program, however, do little to communicate reliable and inclusive information about sexuality. Texas provisions and education codes relating to sex education should sustain amendments that fully address the sexual health needs of every student, regardless of their gender identity, sexual orientation or sexual expression. Sex Education in Texas The topic of sex education in the UnitedRead MoreShould Sex Education Be Taught?2918 Words   |  12 PagesCarley Siegel Position Paper Midterm 10/15/14 Sex Education in Schools Minnesota is ranked number six out of all states in teen birth rate. Minnesota is ranked number three in teen pregnancy rate. The average ages for all of these results are girls aged from fifteen to nineteen. With the most recent statics, in 2012 there were 3,295 teenage girls to give birth to a child and in 2010 there was 146 million spent on teenage childbearing. The last statistic I found was there were are 18.5 births perRead MoreShould Sex Education Be Taught?1226 Words   |  5 PagesShould sex education be taught to young adults in school? This has been a major controversial topic for many years amongst parents, teachers, and other community members. Their biggest concern is that it teaches students that it is okay to have sex at a young age and think that the program shows them how sexual intercourse is done. Although, this is not the intent of the class, like some may think. They tend to believe that abstinence-only programs should be taught in schools. Allowing sexual edu cationRead MoreShould Sex Education Be Taught?947 Words   |  4 Pagessociety is whether or not kids should receive sex education in public schools. With rates of teen pregnancy and the spread of sexually transmitted diseases on the rise, it is essential that school aged adolescents receive appropriate sex education courses. Though many parents across the nation believe that it is crucial to curriculum, how much they should be taught and what exactly should be taught is up for dispute. Articles such as â€Å"Abstinence and Abstinence-only Education: A Review of U.S. policiesRead MoreChildren Should Be Not Taught Sex Education974 Words   |  4 Pageschildren should be not taught Sex Education. It’s a vital part of human existence and can prevent a lot of harm. However, the real question is not doing it but from whom is the adolescent hearing it from. It’s been common in the United States since the 1980’s for almost every school to offer some form of Sex edu cation. Even as early as Elementary years. The real debate on the issue is whether or not the school system is doing it properly or even whether or not it’s their job at all. Sex educationRead MoreShould Sex Education Be Taught?1269 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Teaching only about abstinence is like teaching ‘a driver s education course in which teachers show students grisly photos of traffic accidents but never tell them to stop at red lights or buckle their seat belts’ (Wagle). Sex education is often a hot topic of debate within the States, where high school teens often receive some form of sexual education. However, the quality of this information varies from state to state and even district to district. Although there are many different definitionsRead MoreSex Education Should Be Taught in School2204 Words   |  9 PagesSEX EDUCATION â€Å"If the Liberals law is passed, will sex education in the schools, including elementary grades, include the same portrayals of sexual activity which presently exist in heterosexual instruction? Will there be the same presentation of homosexual activity? Of course there will.†Ã‚   Stockwell Day Sex education, also known as sexuality education or sex and relationshipsRead MoreWhy Sex Education Should Be Taught Essay1247 Words   |  5 Pagesintercourse, 29 percent during anal intercourse and only 4 percent during oral sex.† Why is it that students aren’t protecting themselves against these issues? B. I am a credible source about this information because I am a college student who knows other students sex lives, not just in college but in high school too. II. Body A. Why sex education should be taught in school 1. Sex education should be taught in school for students to learn how to protect themselves against STDs and unwanted

Demographic Information Of Client Jennifer - 1450 Words

Demographic Information of Client Jennifer is a 34-year-old Caucasian female. She currently lives in Terre Haute, Indiana with her Hispanic boyfriend. Currently unemployed, Jennifer is considered to be in the lower middle class and does not receive food stamps or TANF services. She was born in Paris, Illinois in August of 1981. Her parents still live in the house she grew up in and her younger brother frequently visits both his parents and Jennifer’s home. The client’s approximate weight is 220 pounds and her approximate height is five feet, six inches. Jennifer reported earning her GED degree and has no plans to earn a higher education degree. The client reports that she is a â€Å"Christian woman† and practices as a â€Å"Catholic†. The client reaffirmed her religious ways stating â€Å"I believe in God, Heaven and Hell.† When asked about her sexual orientation, the client described herself as a heterosexual woman and stated â€Å"I prefer Hispan ic men†. The client appeared to not have any problems with her primary language, English, and she can also speak Spanish fluently. Jennifer reported that she had â€Å"a clear idea of my culture† and, along with her partner, could practice Catholic and Hispanic rituals consistent with their cultural affiliations. The client showed no evidence of problems of cultural stress living in Terre Haute, Indiana besides a client perceived idea of â€Å"racism†. Presenting Concern Jennifer was self-referred to Hamilton Center and suffers from Borderline PersonalityShow MoreRelatedMental Illness And Its Effects On Society985 Words   |  4 Pages Comprehensive Case Study Vanessa Brown University of South Carolina SOWK 760 Professor Jennifer Butler 11/20/16 Introduction In the United States, there are many people who suffer from a mental illness. Mental illness is described as causing disruptions in one’s emotional state, thought processes, and behaviors. When analyzing this this concept, one can see that mental illness is a blanket term that encompasses a wide array of mental disorders that range from mild or to severe. No oneRead MoreAdvertising1630 Words   |  7 PagesResearch Portfolio Aveeno Daily Moisturising Lotion | | | | | Contents 1. Introduction 5 2. Client Background 6 2.2 Product Offering 6 2.3 Direct and Indirect Competition 6 2.4 Positioning Against Competition 7 2.5 Unique Selling Proposition 7 2.6 Target Audience 7 Conclusion 9 References 10 Appendix 12 1. Introduction The purpose of this report is to identify the direct and indirect competition of Aveeno’s Daily Moisturising Lotion, the positioningRead MoreMy Senior Year Field Placement1405 Words   |  6 Pagesthe outpatient program I am working with the Director of Clinical Operations, Ellen Chung. I also work with Jennifer Torrey who is the Clinical Coordinator for Elwyn’s Media location’s Outpatient program. I also work one on one with the Outpatient Case Manager, Shaneen Brown. I am also working in the Therapeutic After School Program (TASP). At the TASP I work with the Case Manager Jennifer Ziegler and the Clinical Case Manager Denise Georganas. The outpatient therapy team at Elwyn is a multidisciplinaryRead MoreThe Impact of Workforce Diversity Essay663 Words   |  3 Pagesand plentiful. Culturally, people vary in gender, age, ethnicity, race sexual orientation, educational background, religion, lifestyle, as well as veteran and/or immigrant status. Functionally, p eople vary in the ways we think, learn, process information, respond to authority, show respect and reach agreements (Pollar Gonzalez, 2011.) Obviously, people differ in numerous ways, so what does that mean for businesses? Well, when work groups are comprised of people with different backgroundsRead MoreThe Rainbow Community Center Of Contra Costa County1861 Words   |  8 PagesCosta County (RCC), as well as the current measures it uses for evaluating the services they provide. The program will be described with an emphasis on the counseling and case management programs, which currently do not have a method of gaining the clients’ perspective of how well a counseling or case management session went. A needs assessment for the Counseling and Case Management Programs will be provided along with suggested improvements and an improved evaluation tool suggestion. Description ofRead MoreEssay on Concept Development and The Apple iPhone2241 Words   |  9 Pagesthe best way to market a product, in this case the iPhone, one needs to know the needs of the different customers that you are targeting. These have to be the primary as well as the secondary needs so that one can rely on them to convince potential clients that their products are the best choice there is in the market. The iPhone has to have more innovative features than the common phone known like ability to call and send and receive text messages. To this end, it has 3G ability making it a fast internetRead MoreSteps to improve marketing intelligence in companies1767 Words   |  8 Pageseveryday information about developments in the marketing environment. A marketing intelligence system also facilitates accurate and confident decision making in determining market opportunity, market penetration strategy and market development metrics. Hans Heldin (2010) noted that data must be integrated into the market intelligence systems through proper intelligence for corporate decision-making. In an article by Thomas Winninger (2006) he stated that the key is to gather quality information, theRead MoreA Brief Note On M Northwest Assistance Ministries, A Non Profit, Community Based, Integrated Program Social Service Agency1719 Words   |  7 PagesTrustee along with the Executive Team; Chair: Danny J. Rea ; Vice Chair: Michael D. Watford; Treasurer: William â€Å"Bill† Sessions, Jr.; Secretary: Jim Fryfogle; Regina Boutte, Scott Chenoweth, Bill Ginder, Carole Little, Sue Ortenstone, Judy Rimato, Jennifer Stewart, C.C. Sutphen, Lauren Temple, Mark H. Young. Non-Voting Members are as followed: Clare T. Lee, Denese Hammon Chief Financial Officer, Northwest Assistance Ministries; President CEO of NAM Carole Little; Vice President of Program ServicesRead MoreA Study of the Swimwear Industry in North America5053 Words   |  21 PagesIntroduction Every organization will benefit from even the most elementary market research. 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Aldi Harrison Expanded Marketing Mix - Click to Get Solution

Question: Evaluate how well the marketing mix of the organization is performed for Aldi organization? Answer: Introduction The expanded marketing mix of Aldi will be studied in the present report. Aldi is an International discount supermarket chain based in Germany. The supermarket is known for offering high quality products to the customers with exceptional value. The supermarket offers range of grocery products with best quality. The grocery products are available at exceptionally low prices. In order to offer products at low prices, Aldi manufactures its own products. In order to reduce their cost of production further, Aldi encourages customers to carry their own shopping bags. It also offers shopping bags for sale. In order to reduce the cost, the shopping carts are given at rent on quarter basis (deposit is returned with the cart). It eliminates the need for making payments to the employees for recovering the carts. Aldi sells its own brand label food, beverage items and household items that are inexpensive in nature. Does The Intricacy of The Topic Intimidate You? Tame Your Fear with Unmatched Assignment Help Services from Professional Writers. Product The product offering of Aldi ranges from selling own brands which are cheaper than the labels that are highly priced. The cost and production process of the organization is controlled by Aldi. Non food items are also stocked by Aldi such as toiletries and sells musical instruments. Advantages of quality, feature and style improvement of a product The target market of Aldi is the middle class and the lower middle class. It offers products at low prices. The quality of the products offered by Aldi is average. It does not offer high quality product to the customers. The quality, feature and style of product are essential attributes of the product that sets it apart from the rest of the products. The essential attributes of the products add value to it. Continuous improvement of quality of a product is an essential part of the business management process. The style and improvement of quality of a product will reduce the defects and improve the quality of the product. The philosophy of continuous improvement of quality of quality of a product will make the business better equipped to adapt to the changes that occur in the industry. This will enable them to take advantages of the opportunities and avoid the threats (Ruddick, 2014). Improvement of quality focuses on improving the business process as a means to improve the efficiency of the organization. Aldi has been continuously improving its efficiency in terms of quality improvement of the products manufactured by it, style and feature improvement of the product. Aldi has been professional and it always inspects the products supplied to it to ensure that it meets the demand of the customers. The own branded labels of Aldi are sold at cheaper rates than the other supermarkets. This has helped Aldi to maintain its market share. Apart from selling the products at cheap rates, it is essential for Aldi to enhance the quality and features of the products offered by Aldi. This will enhance the competitive advantage of the organization (Hamel, 2015). Addition of New Products Aldi offers range of food products to the customers. The own branded labels offered by Aldi comprises of Choco rice , Rich tea biscuits , Lager Stella Artois and other wide range of food products. Aldi has been imitating the top brands and manufacturing the same products with variety and different features. The choco rice sold by Aldi is imitation of the Kellogs coco pops. There are certain modifications in the product quality. Similarly there is various range of product offering of Aldi which is an imitation of a popular brand (Adnews.com.au, 2015). It is a clever evolution by Aldi to target the affluent areas of the market. Aldi sells fewer products than most of the products sold by the supermarkets. Tesco has 40,000 products in line but Aldi stocks only 1350 products (TheGrocer.co.uk, 2013). It has been said by retail analyst of Kantar, Edward Garner that one might find 20 pasta sauces in Tesco but Aldi will only have two or three pasta sauces (SHOOTER, 2013). The food products s old by Aldi have been very successful. In can diversify its product range and add new sections. It can venture into the clothes section. It can start the clothes section. Wools worth is a large supermarket that is making its clothing business more appealing and fashionable to the customers. At present Aldi sells clothes, electronic products and furnitures on special days like twice in a week. The special products are sold every Wednesday and Saturday (Grocery.com, 2015). But instead of selling the products on special days, Aldi should diversify its product offering and include the clothes section as a regular section in the supermarket (Aldi.com.au, 2015). Price Pricing the product in an accurate manner is the most difficult considerations for the marketing organizations. There are different strategies of pricing the product. The various strategies of pricing includes market penetration, competitive pricing and strategic pricing. The strategy applied by Aldi to price its products is competitive pricing. By the pricing policy Aldi is able to offer the products at low prices (Harvard Business Review, 2006). The low prices are offered by Aldi as it manufactures most of the food products and buys products in huge volume (Icmrindia.org, 2015). It offers great leverage for negotiating the best possible prices for the products (mrmlogiq.com, 2013). Pricing Objectives The major pricing objective used by Aldi is competitive pricing. The strategy by Aldi has been successful as it has forced the suppliers to deliver products at lowest prices. Since the company makes bulk purchases, it is easier for the organization to purchase at cheaper rates without lowering its profit margin. Since it purchases the products at lower rates, selling the products at reduced rate is not a tough job for the organization. The pricing policy of Aldi is made to capture the larger share of the market. The competitive pricing policy by Aldi has made it one of the largest supermarkets in Australia. One in every three household in Australia visit Aldi to purchase the food products (Harrison, 2014). Policies of pricing The pricing policy of Aldi is simple and transparent. The low prices are offered by Alsi by undertaking some unique policies. Unit pricing policy has been used by Aldi to price its products. Comparison of the prices of the products with other supermarkets can be done accurately using unit pricing policy (Aldi.com.au, 2015). It provides extra information to the customers. The unique pricing policy by Aldi has maintained the transparency of pricing the products. The customers will get the real value of shopping from Aldi. The refund policy used by Aldi is done understanding the need of the customers. The refund is done on an everyday basis if the customers are not satisfied with the products (Aldi.com.au, 2015). Strategies of Pricing The pricing strategy of Aldi is targeted to capture the larger share of the market. It uses the competitive policy of pricing to address a larger mass of customers. The various strategies of pricing are 1. Market Penetration The pricing strategy is used by organization by charging lower prices for the new products so that the new organization can enter into the market and have a greater share of the market. This helps the organization capture the market fast. The company can gain over the market share quickly. 2. Competitive pricing - The competitive pricing policy is used to drive the existing customers of a particular company towards it. The competitive pricing is done by offering lower prices for a range of products to the customers. 3. Strategic pricing - The strategic pricing policy emphasizes on enhancing the quality of brand positioning of the product in order to allow a higher price for the product. The organization focuses on enhancing the quality of the product rather than reducing the price of the product. Amongst the three strategies, the strategy applied by Aldi to sell the products to the customers is competitive pricing (Collinson, 2014). It will offer products of high quality or similar quality as sold by the other supermarkets at cheaper rates. Aldi can offer the products at cheaper rates since it purchases the products in huge volumes. Since Aldi buys products in large volumes, it allows great leverage for negotiating with the suppliers for the products. It sells the products to the customers at the best possible prices (This is Money, 2014). Since it purchases the product in bulk volume it can negotiate with the suppliers regarding the price of the product. This is known as economies of scale which means that huge volumes of a product is purchased at low price. The savings made by Aldi is passed on to the customers of Aldi (Butler, 2014). Procedures of pricing Aldi offers products to the customers at low prices. Since it offers less expensive items to the customers, it has to reduce its cost of production. Instead of purchasing the products from outside, Aldi manufactures most of the food products. The food products are manufactured by Aldi keeping in mind the demand for the product. It has imitated the top brand food products like Kellogs while manufacturing its own food products (Cambridge News, 2014). Among the top supermarkets in the world, the products sold by Aldi are 16% cheaper than the products sold by Asda. It is 20% cheaper than the products offered by Tesco and 40% cheaper than the products offered by Waitrose (Osborne, 2012). The customers have to carry their own shopping bags in Aldi. It reduces the extra cost of the company. It offers milk at the lowest prices. It offers lowest prices to the dairy farmer for their milk. Thus if the customers want to support the dairy farmers then they should not buy the milk from Aldi (Food Strategy Associates, 2014). The customers complain about the loyalty cards offered by the othersuper markets. They claim a reduction in the price of the product instead of the loyalty cards. Aldi has gone down in the same path. They do not offer loyalty cards to the customers.Instead they have reduced the price of their product (Osborne, 2012). Distribution Distributing the products to reach out to a wide range of audience is essential for the growth of the business organization. The strategy used by Aldi to capture a larger share of the market is by distributing the product to a wide range of customers. The target audiences of the company are the low and middle income earners. They opened their supermarket chains all over the world which includes Australia, UK , US etc. Objectives of Distribution Aldi has a well networked team of supplier who supply their products to all the supermarkets. The main distribution strategy used by Aldi is to maximize the reach out of their product to the customers. This will help them gain a larger share of the market. Strategies of Distribution Aldi has separate distribution centres in their operating countries. They have made huge investment in each of the distribution centre in order to manage their business in an efficient way (Cordo n, Hald Seifert, 2012). The distribution centers hire employees on a regular basis in order in order to distribute their products to the end users in an efficient manner. The logistic and supply chain operates at world class efficiency (Supplychainanalysis.igd.com, 2015). The suppliers keep the delivery roots short and they employ the best war housing techniques for supplying the products to the various stores (Kleemann, 2011). In order to distribute the product efficiently to the end users they employ candidates with market leading skills. They provide a clear delegation of responsibility to the employees (Theuvsen, 2007). The region in which Aldi operates is decentralized. Thus the operations can be controlled from a localized point. This ensures efficient management of the supply chai n (Johnsen, Howard Miemczyk, 2014). The supplier arrangements are made in the organization to minimize the consumption of energy and reduce the carbon emissions (ALDI Australia, 2012). Promotional Strategies In order to increase its profitability, Aldi has to increase the market share. The promotional activity will demonstrate the balance of the marketing mix. In order to enhance the awareness of the customers and to gain customer loyalty, it is important to increase the awareness of the product to enhance the recognition of the brand , increase the demand for the products , enhancement of the image of the brand and supplying superior products to the customers. Objectives of Promotional strategies The major objective of Aldi is to increase its market share. The promotional activity should ensure a balance of the marketing mix (Aldi.us, 2015). The promotional activity is planned to increase the loyalty of the customers and communicate the quality and value messages. The major objective of the promotional activities of Aldi is increasing the awareness and improvement of the brand recognition. Innovation and improvement has to take place in a parallel way in order to capture a larger share of the market. The other objectives of Aldi include increasing the demand for the products, improvement of the brand image and highlight the products that are of superior quality. The promotional activities of Aldi are above the line promotion and below the line promotion (Marketing Week, 2014). Strategies of Promotional Strategies The promotional strategies used by Aldi includes above the line promotional strategies and below the line promotional strategies. Above the line promotion Above the line promotional strategies are applied by Aldi via advertising targeting at mass audience. Advertising is done by Aldi using media such as television, radio, newspaper and magazines. This has helped them to reach to a larger audience. Television is used as an effective medium to communicate the view point of the company to the customers (Aldi.co.uk, 2015). The Like Brands are promoted by Aldi using television media showing that the products are available at cheaper rates. Leaflets are distributed in the stores to reinforce the brands sold by Aldi. Aldi also uses news paper as an effective source of medium to campaign the products (Ferrell, Pride, Schembri, Lukas Niininen, 2015). Below the line promotion Below the line promotional activity is done by Aldi to increase their engagement with the customers. The methods are used to target to a specific audience. These methods are found to be more effective than above the line methods. The organization will have a greater control of their communication. The below the line promotional strategies is applied by Aldi using social media, targeted emails to the customers , endorsements and awards for third party and emphasizing on their public relations and media relationships. Two way communications is encouraged by Aldi by using Facebook and Twitter pages. The social media pages have been an effective source of communication with the customers. The direct emails have been very effective form of communication. Aldi can communicate variety of messages to the target customers (Ritson, 2015). Public relations Another below the line method used by Aldi to highlight the quality of the products to the customers is via positive third party endorsements. It has entered over 1000 of its products into awards. In 2012, Watchdog had awarded it as the best supermarket. It beat the competition from Marks and Spencers. It has also made positive endorsements for the products on Television to reaffirm the message that the products of Aldi are of highest quality. They offer good quality product at cheaper rates (corporate.aldi.us, 2014). Improvement of Promotional Budget Optimizing the infrastructure of the organization can save the marketing budget of the organization to a considerable extent. This will ensure increase in the sales. The company can increase the operational efficiency and reduce their expenditure by increasing the expenses for promoting the product. The expenditure made in the various marketing resource like marketing materials, software of marketing can be reduced to increase the expenses in promoting the product. The budget for the various promotional activities can increase by 10% by reducing the other expenses. After increasing the promotional budget, the company has to evaluate the effectiveness of the increase in the budget. If the sales of the organization increases via the enhanced promotional activities then it can be assured that the promotional activities of the organization has been effective (Johnston, 2015). Use of expanded marketing mix for improving the organizational performance Apart from the 4Ps of marketing, the expanded marketing mix is essential for increasing the value of the product to the customers. Since the marketing strategies are far more customer oriented, it is essential to incorporate the additional 3 Ps of marketing to enhance the service of the product to the customers (Groucutt, 2005). 1. Physical layout In case of large supermarket like Aldi , the physical layout and infrastructure of the organization to receive good feedback from the customers. The customers today purchase products from the retail units and they expect high level of presentation in the modern shops. This enhances the shopping experience of the shopper and at the same time it increases the standard of presentation of the organization (Richter, 2002). 2. People An essential attribute of retail marketing is enhancing the customer service. It is an essential feature to attract more customers to the organization. The employees providing service to the customers has to understand the need of the customers and serve them in a better way. This will generate positive word of mouth for the investors and more customers will visit the supermarket (Cateora, 1983). 3. Process - Process is an important attribute of extended marketing mix. The various process in the organization will help the organization to handle the queries of the customers effectively. The return policy, customer complaints and the process for handling the orders can be done effectively. This will increase the efficiency of the organization. The top priority of the organization will be to provide good quality of service (Ronkainen Czinkota, 2002). Conclusion Aldi is a large supermarket based in Germany. Aldi has been successful in its strategy of targeting a larger mass of audience. The unique and innovative strategy used by Aldi is to provide products at cheaper prices to the customers. Aldi has not compromised with the quality of the product. They have manufactured their own product to reduce the cost of production. Since they buy in bulk volumes, it has been possible for Aldi to reduce the purchase price of the product. They sell the products at discount rates which is an essential strategy used by Aldi to reach out to a wide range of customers. Apart from using the 4Ps of marketing, it should focus on applying the other 3Ps such as physical layout, process and people to increase their mass appeal. References Adnews.com.au,. (2015). Aldi defends own labels - AdNews. Retrieved 6 February 2015, from https://www.adnews.com.au/adnews/aldi-hits-back-over-woolworths-copycat-branding-attack ALDI Australia. (2012) (1st ed., pp. 1-14). Retrieved from https://www.aldisuppliers.com.au/PDF/ALDI-Corporate-Brochure.pdf Aldi.co.uk,. (2015). ALDI - TV Adverts. Retrieved 6 February 2015, from https://www.aldi.co.uk/en/about-aldi/tv-campaigns/tv-adverts/ Aldi.com.au,. (2015). ALDI special buys new range every Wednesday and Saturday - ALDI Australia. Retrieved 6 February 2015, from https://www.aldi.com.au/en/special-buys/ Aldi.com.au,. (2015). Pricing - ALDI Australia. Retrieved 6 February 2015, from https://www.aldi.com.au/en/about-aldi/customer-information/pricing/ Aldi.com.au,. (2015). Returns Policy - ALDI Australia. Retrieved 6 February 2015, from https://www.aldi.com.au/en/about-aldi/customer-information/returns-policy/ Aldi.us,. (2015). ALDI US - Our Weekly Ads. Retrieved 6 February 2015, from https://www.aldi.us/en/weekly-specials/our-weekly-ads/ Butler, S. (2014). How Aldis price plan shook up Tesco, Morrisons, Asda and Sainsburys. the Guardian. Retrieved 6 February 2015, from https://www.theguardian.com/business/2014/sep/29/how-aldi-price-plan-shook-up-tesco-morrisons-asda-sainsburys Cambridge News,. (2014). Tesco vs Aldi and Lidl: Why have almost a third of us switched supermarkets?. Retrieved 6 February 2015, from https://www.cambridge-news.co.uk/Tesco-vs-Aldi-Lidl-switched-supermarkets/story-25627018-detail/story.html Cateora, P. (1983). International marketing. Homewood, Ill.: R.D. Irwin. Collinson, P. (2014). Which supermarket is cheapest? Its Morrisons now. the Guardian. Retrieved 6 February 2015, from https://www.theguardian.com/money/2014/nov/22/which-supermarket-cheapest-morrisons-aldi-asda Cordo n, C., Hald, K., Seifert, R. (2012). Strategic supply chain management. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY: Routledge. corporate.aldi.us,. (2014). ALDI Honored with Retailer of the Year and Product of the Year Wins. Retrieved 6 February 2015, from https://corporate.aldi.us/fileadmin/fm-dam/news_and_awards/Press_Release_2014/POY__ROTY_Press_Release_FINAL.pdf Ferrell, O., Pride, W., Schembri, S., Lukas, B., Niininen, O. (2015). Marketing Principles PDF (pp. 200-250). Food Strategy Associates,. (2014). Aldi and Lidl have created a new dimension in Private Label and Own Brand  - Food Strategy Associates. Retrieved 6 February 2015, from https://foodstrategy.co.uk/aldi-lidl-created-new-dimension-private-label-brand/ Grocery.com,. (2015). Aldi Foods | Grocery.com. Retrieved 6 February 2015, from https://www.grocery.com/aldi-foods/ Groucutt, J. (2005). Foundations of marketing. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Hamel, G. (2015). Benefits of Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI). Small Business - Chron.com. Retrieved 6 February 2015, from https://smallbusiness.chron.com/benefits-continuous-quality-improvement-cqi-40534.html Harrison, N. (2014). Interview: Aldi bosses on how the discounter is shaking up UK grocery. Retail-week.com. Retrieved 6 February 2015, from https://www.retail-week.com/sectors/food/interview-aldi-bosses-on-how-the-discounter-is-shaking-up-uk-grocery/5064629.article Harvard Business Review,. (2006). Strategies to Fight Low-Cost Rivals. Retrieved 6 February 2015, from https://hbr.org/2006/12/strategies-to-fight-low-cost-rivals Icmrindia.org,. (2015). Aldi: A Low-Cost Retail Giant's Distinctive Business Practices. Retrieved 6 February 2015, from https://www.icmrindia.org/casestudies/catalogue/Business%20Strategy/Aldi-Low-Cost%20Retail%20Giant%20Distinctive%20Business%20Practices%20Case%20Studies.htm Johnsen, T., Howard, M., Miemczyk, J. (2014). Purchasing and supply chain management. New York: Routledge. Johnston, K. (2015). The Advantages of an Increase in Promotion Advertising. Small Business - Chron.com. Retrieved 6 February 2015, from https://smallbusiness.chron.com/advantages-increase-promotion-advertising-23195.html Kleemann, F. (2011). Supply Chain Strategy Analysis for Aldi By (pp. 5-20). Marketing Week,. (2014). Aldi and Waitrose have strategic thinking in common. Retrieved 6 February 2015, from https://www.marketingweek.com/2014/05/14/aldi-and-waitrose-have-strategic-thinking-in-common/ mrmlogiq.com,. (2013). HOW TO SAVE BUDGET AND INCREASE SALES WITH MARKETING OPERATIONS. Retrieved 6 February 2015, from https://www.mrmlogiq.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/How-to-Save-Budget-and-Increase-Sales-with-Marketing-Operations-MRMLOGIQ-Whitepaper-2013-11.pdf Osborne, H. (2012). The Aldi experience: supermarket shopping with a difference. the Guardian. Retrieved 6 February 2015, from https://www.theguardian.com/money/blog/2012/oct/08/aldi-supermarket-shopping-difference Richter, T. (2002). Marketing mix standardisation in international marketing. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang. Ritson, M. (2015). Branding Strategy Insider | Own-Label, Anti Marketing Fuels Aldi. Brandingstrategyinsider.com. Retrieved 6 February 2015, from https://www.brandingstrategyinsider.com/2008/08/own-label-anti.html#.VNSF9_mSzTo Ronkainen, I., Czinkota, M. (2002). Best practices in international marketing. Fort Worth: Harcourt College Publishers. Ruddick, G. (2014). Five numbers that show how Aldi has revolutionised grocery shopping - Telegraph. Telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 6 February 2015, from https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/retailandconsumer/11127811/Five-numbers-that-show-how-Aldi-has-revolutionised-grocery-shopping.html SHOOTER, A. (2013). The high street copycats: Yes it's cheap - but the real secret of Aldi's success is the ruthless way it apes the look of top brands... and often the quality is even better. Mail Online. Retrieved 6 February 2015, from https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2508069/Aldi-successful-copies-brands-improves-quality.html Supplychainanalysis.igd.com,. (2015). Aldi Supply Chain - IGD Supply Chain Analysis. Retrieved 6 February 2015, from https://supplychainanalysis.igd.com/Hub.aspx?id=11tid=1rid=52 TheGrocer.co.uk,. (2013). Aldi scoops Grocer of the Year Award at Grocer Golds. Retrieved 6 February 2015, from https://www.thegrocer.co.uk/events/aldi-scoops-grocer-of-the-year-award-at-grocer-golds/344142.article Theuvsen, L. (2007). Quality management in food chains. Wageningen, the Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers. This is Money,. (2014). Is Aldi really the cheapest supermarket?. Retrieved 6 February 2015, from https://www.thisismoney.co.uk/money/bills/article-2718734/Is-Aldi-really-cheapest-Exclusive-research-reveals-supermarket-really-offers-best-value.html

Death Penalty Essays (1023 words) - Human Rights, Penology

Death Penalty Society, in general, agrees that the taking of an innocent life is an unforgivable act, and that the rape of children is particularly heinous. I will argue that all persons convicted of the crime of murder or the rape of a child under ten years of age should be given a manditory death penalty. Capital punishment is not only justifiable but is morally correct and should be the mandatory sentence for such crimes once an individual is found guilty. It would be neither unjust nor immoral to execute such an individual. It is not logical or rational to believe that a person raised in our society does not know that the crimes of murder or the rape of a child will not be tolerated. Regardless of an individual's background or socio-economic status, individual choices lead to results that carry personal responsibility. It is inappropriate to make excuses for these criminals simply because they were not reared in well-to-do circumstances. neglected, or perhaps suffered abuse as a child. None of these forced them to make the choice to commit the crime. As stated by Ernest van den Haag, "by committing the crime, the criminal volunteered to assume the risk." (1)If an individual commits the crime of murder, or rapes a child, that person has forfeited any moral right to continue to live, even if imprisoned for life. Their victim had no choice and no chance to live a fruitful, productive life. Why should society be required to pay the costs associated with imprisonment? A society, which values the lives of its citizens, has the right to exercise capital punishment for those who have been convicted after due process of law. The U.S. Constitution provides for punishment of capital crimes so there is certainly no trouble with it in the law. However, some of the most impassioned arguments against capital punishment are the possibility of convicting the wrong person, and discriminatory application of the law. Abolitionists also argue that we should base on justice system on reform and rehabilitation. First, the possibility of convicting an innocent person is often cited as an argument that the death penalty is unjust. One Internet source indicates that 350 people were wrongly convicted of homicide or capital rape from 1900- 1985. (2) (It should be noted that the article does not specify how many of these individuals were later released.) In our text, Ernest van den Haag refers to a study conducted by Hugo Bedau that found that of 7000 executions during that same period, only 25 were purportedly innocent. (Ibid. p.286) The execution of an innocent person appears much less a risk than the risk that a person guilty of this type of violence would repeat the crime. Criminals kill people knowing that they will live and either spend the rest of their lives in prison or get out in 10 to 20 years. Consistent application of the capital punishment laws would have a deterrent effect on some potential murderers if not all. While states that do carry death penalty provisions significantly outnumber those that do not, there appears to be a certain reluctance to apply the laws. As a result, many violent criminals no longer fear the court system. Further, capital punishment laws have undergone many decades of review by the highest courts in the country and are anything but capriciously imposed. A further argument against the "innocent are convicted" is found in a review of the extensive appeal system that has been mandated by the courts that may take as much as fourteen years to complete. Even if this were a legitimate concern, the chances of an innocent person being wrongly convicted are very slim. The second argument, discriminatory application holds that a disproportional number of non-whites receive the death penalty upon conviction, in particular, a black convicted of murdering a white. This is really an argument against a flawed justice system that favors one class of citizen's over another. Unequal distribution among the guilty is irrelevant to the morality of the punishment. The system is far from perfect but can be improved. In the past, women were much less likely to be executed than men, and we are all aware that if you have enough money to hire good lawyers, you have a better chance to evade punishment. Haag (ibid.) argues that recent data indicates that the discriminatory aspect against blacks was primarily due to capital punishment for rape. Additionally, in recent years, the once prevalent trend of more non-whites than whites being executed, and more men than women, seems

Free Essays on Queen Gertrude

In the rotten state of Denmark, there is only one notion everyone can be sure of: trust no one. There is not a single character that does not become tragically affected by the actions of another person. Everyone has their own traumatic affairs, but when looked upon as a whole, Queen Gertrude has more personal tragedies than anyone else. To begin with, her first husband was killed without her knowing what happened to him. Then she soon marries his brother whom she later finds out is the person that killed King Hamlet. Her son resents her hasty actions and lets it be known to her. Surely she is feeling distraught anyway over her husband’s death and then to have Hamlet pound in the fact that she was quick to remarry only worsens the matter. The torn feelings between her son and her new husband obviously bother her. However, she is trying to be a good wife, a good mother, and a noble queen all at the same time. She also has to deal with the deaths of Polonius and Ophelia, two people she was close to. At the end, she realizes she has been betrayed by her new husband and sees what everyone has been up to before she ultimately dies. What a terrible thought to have immediately before one takes their last breath! Almost everyone she thought she could depend on ended up hurting her in some way or another, but before her death she was able to realize that Hamlet was not crazy, his intentions were legit, and her husband was the one to blame. Yes, about the only good thing that happened to her at the end was coming to realize that her son had done what he did out of good reason.... Free Essays on Queen Gertrude Free Essays on Queen Gertrude In the rotten state of Denmark, there is only one notion everyone can be sure of: trust no one. There is not a single character that does not become tragically affected by the actions of another person. Everyone has their own traumatic affairs, but when looked upon as a whole, Queen Gertrude has more personal tragedies than anyone else. To begin with, her first husband was killed without her knowing what happened to him. Then she soon marries his brother whom she later finds out is the person that killed King Hamlet. Her son resents her hasty actions and lets it be known to her. Surely she is feeling distraught anyway over her husband’s death and then to have Hamlet pound in the fact that she was quick to remarry only worsens the matter. The torn feelings between her son and her new husband obviously bother her. However, she is trying to be a good wife, a good mother, and a noble queen all at the same time. She also has to deal with the deaths of Polonius and Ophelia, two people she was close to. At the end, she realizes she has been betrayed by her new husband and sees what everyone has been up to before she ultimately dies. What a terrible thought to have immediately before one takes their last breath! Almost everyone she thought she could depend on ended up hurting her in some way or another, but before her death she was able to realize that Hamlet was not crazy, his intentions were legit, and her husband was the one to blame. Yes, about the only good thing that happened to her at the end was coming to realize that her son had done what he did out of good reason....

People Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

People Management - Assignment Example These other steps are of great importance in the marketing sector, where a good relationship with the customer is the ultimate goal( Armstrong, 37) Human resource is one of the most difficult and challenging resources to manage. Humans have emotions as opposed to machines which can be programed to do various tasks. Skills on management of people who are hard to manage are therefore very necessary. Most of the time the hardest challenges have the simplest solutions. First the managers have to accept that management is cumbersome and stop fighting it. This helps in approaching delicate employees’ issues with positivity. Secondly, they should face those issues head on and solve them promptly. In order to handle the challenges effectively, they should see them both from the managerial and employee perspective. Employees can sometimes be very difficult and stressful to deal with, therefore help from others like a colleague, a mentor or one’ own manager, would be very helpful. Their response about a given employee would be very critical in decision making. Setting up of clear and measurable goals is also an important to ol when evaluating individual employee’s performance. Lastly, they should view employees from the perspective of â€Å"a liability or an asset†. If an employee is an asset, keep him/her but if a liability let go (Richardson, 36). 1. Have a one-on-one discussion with her. Make her free to present her case and listen carefully to her concerns. This will help in coming up with an amicable solution to her problems. Listening to her would save the day because there could just be a mere misunderstanding. 2. Provide her with a crystal clear behavioral feedback. This would involve telling her what she should do differently to regain the trust of the customers. This may entail transferring her to another branch to meet new customers (Neil, 80). 3. Make a list of the mistakes Alexander has

Causes and Prevention of Obesity in College Students Essay

Causes and Prevention of Obesity in College Students - Essay Example This essay "Causes and Prevention of Obesity in College Students" outlines the reasons for the obesity among students, its danger, and the methods how to stop the growing number of obese college students. Many countries are seeking solutions and creating awareness on the fact that obesity is becoming an issue of national concern. There have been numerous studies focusing on obesity in children and teenagers as well as adults. In many of the studies, college students have been included in the adult group (Archer, 2013). Therefore, there are different factors that trigger the development of obesity among college students. These reasons are unique and are different from those increasing the susceptibility of other groups to obesity this necessitates a study, which focuses on the causes of obesity among college students and the potential solutions that can help them address the issue. This study seeks to understand the unique factors that contribute to increasing obesity rates among coll ege students. College students have a unique lifestyle, tastes, and prevalence, which may make them more vulnerable to developing obesity. Moreover, it is possible that factors that contribute to the increasing rates of obesity among college students are different from those associated with obesity in teenagers and children. Notably, college students are adults who can make their own decisions with minimal influence of others especially their parents. Moreover, most of the college students stay away from home and have to make decisions about their diets and lifestyle.

Biometrics Voting System Essay Example for Free

Biometrics Voting System Essay Biometrics is the term given to the use of biological traits or behavioral characteristics to identify an individual. The traits may be fingerprints, hand geometry, facial geometry, retina patterns, voice recognition, and handwriting recognition. In this paper we have used thumb impression for the purpose of voter identification or authentication. As the thumb impression of every individual is unique, it helps in maximizing the accuracy. A database is created containing the thumb impressions of all the voters in the constituency. Illegal votes and repetition of votes is checked for in this system. Hence if this system is employed the elections would be fair and free from rigging. Thanks to this system that conducting elections would no longer be a tedious and expensive job. DESIGN The design of the system consists of the following important parameters. 1. Scanning- using DSP Processor 2. Searching- based on the principle of GOOGLE SEARCH 3. Networking- all the election booths are connected in a network 4. Data transfer– using telephone lines.. The only pre-requisite for the use of this finger print scanner is a personal identification card. We hope that this system proves to be efficient and enables the people to be smarter in choosing their leaders. SUMMARY OF DESIGN The main aim in designing this product is to provide the concept of the personal identity for each individual. This is extended to a special case of electronic voting machine concept. The summary of the design can be briefly explained diagrammatically as follows. Fig-1. 1 : Block Diagram of Design As initially at time of distributing voting cards. At the time of voting, the option of the voter is taken along with the finger print. The finger print taken by the scanner is sent to the DSP chip through an in-built A/D converter. The processed image is transferred to hard disk with biasing of SDRAM. The option entered by the voter is transferred to chip through DEMUX and is stored in the memory. If the transferred image is matched with any of the records in the data base, then the interrupt is given by the HARD DISK to DSP chip. Then the option is considered in the count. After the acquisition of the count this is transmitted to the HOST computer or central server using telephone lines. As the count of each party is transmitted to the HOST from all the VOTING MACHINES present in the constituency, the HOST will add parallel count of particular party and makes the final count of each party in ascending order. The final count is transferred to the main HOST (head quarters) using either telephone lines or radio waves. DESCRIPTION OF THE VOTING MACHINE Fig:1. 2- Description of voting machine BLOCK DIAGRAM FOR THE WHOLE PROCESS IN BRIEF Fig:1. 3-Block diagram of the process. VOTING SYSTEM The detailed description of each and every internal unit in the VOTING SYSTEM is given below. It can be divided in to the following main categories. FINGER PRINT SCANNER The finger print scanner consists of the following parts: 1. FINGER PRINT SENSOR: This is used to scan the thumb impression. The data obtained from this is analog in nature. This is transferred to the A/D converter for further processing. 2. A/D CONVERTER: This is used to convert the analog data from the SENSOR into the digital data and transfer it to the processor. 3. FLASH ROM: This is for the storage of the data temporarily in the DSP processor. This will work until the data is transferred to the main memory of the HOST. 4. DSP CHIP: This is used to receive the data and process it. This is connected to the USB port for further transfer of the data. 5. USB PORT: The sole purpose of the USB port is to establish a communication link between the DSP processor and the MEMORY (DATABASE). Fig:2. 1-Scanning Process EXTRACTION OF THUMB IMPRESSION Fig:2. 2-Extraction of thumb impression The next step in the process is the extraction of the thumb impression from the memory. The features of the finger print are stored in the form of pixels. This is further sent for pattern matching where the finger print is then compared with the records in the database. If the pattern matches with any one of he records then the vote is accepted. If the feature doesn’t match with any one of the finger prints stored in the data base then the vote is rejected. Fig:2. 3- Storage of Database FEATURE EXTRACTION AND COMPARISON SCANNING AND PROCESSING The biometric sensor scans the image. This so scanned data is in the analog form. This is converted into digital form by using an A/D converter. Since the image is to be transferred quickly to the converter, it is interfaced in parallel with the DSP chip. The data received from the parallel in ports is further processed in the chip. Parallel interfacing is done to have a quick performance. TRANSFER OF PROCESSED DATA TO THE HARD DISK The data which is processed in the DSP chip (finger print) is transferred in parallel to the HARD DISK for searching process. The BIOS language of the HARD DISK is stored in SDRAM which is also interfaced in parallel with the chip. This helps the chip to transfer the image to the HARD DISK for further process. The image transferred to the HARD DISK is compared with that of the DATA BASE. The circuit connections for the process explained are as shown below. A DE-MULTIPLEXER is connected to the inputs in parallel to the chip. The option which is given is transferred to the chip in binary form. Fig:2. 4-DE-MUX used in the process. E. g. : 1. Party one, 2. Party two, 3. Party three, 4. Party four. Suppose if the option is two then the binary data transfer to the ports is 0010. DE-MULTIPLEXER is designed according to the number of parties present in the constituency. The transferred data is stored in a 16-bit register according to their option. After counting takes place the count of each party is transferred to the transmitter. A transmitter is interfaced serially to the DSP chip. The transmitter data is transferred through the telephone lines to the HOST. The counts of similar parties are added at the host and the data is transferred to the STATE HEAD QUARTERS (main HOST) to display the result of the particular constituency. VERIFICATION VERIFICATION OF VOTERS Fig:3. 1-Verification of Voters Here the identity of a person is checked whether heshe belongs to the particular constituency or not. The machine which takes the finger print of the person checks it with the data base already stored in it. If the finger print matches it will give access to the person to cast his vote and if it doesn’t match any of the finger prints stored in the data base then it will reject the voter. Thus his method will enable the members of that particular constituency only to vote. This can be taken as the first step to avoid rigging. To have a faster performance the searching technique is implemented on the basis of GOOGLE SEARCH. The process in the form of a flow chart is as given below. PROCESSING AND COUNTING Fig:3. 2-Counting Process. After the person gets the PROCEED symbol from the voting machine, there appears a screen on which all the parties names along with the symbols are present. The person should select any one of the party by giving the number allotted to that particular party as input through the keypad. After the option is selected the voter is prompted for a confirmation. In case the voter enters an invalid number, the screen reappears and heshe is prompted to cast the vote again. Then according to the option selected, the vote count of the particular party gets incremented by one. Finally, at the end of the day, the position of the parties in terms of the total votes cast can be known. A very simple flow chart for the above process is as shown below: REJECTION OF VOTER REPETITION Fig:3. 3-Rejection block diagram After we have emerged out with a solution to check voter’s identity in a constituency, our next task is to see that a particular person cannot vote more than once i. e. to avoid multiple votes. This task can be accomplished by simple software technique employed. It consists of two folders namely searched and unsearched. Initially the searched folder consists of no images. The thumb impression images of all the voters of a constituency will be present in the unsearched folder. As and when a vote is cast, the image of the particular voter gets transferred to the searched folder. The searched folder is programmed such that an image cannot be present more than once in this folder. So when a voter casts multiple votes the exception is generated and an alarm is raised and even the police can be informed about the identity of the intruder indulging in this illegal activity. This is shown in the block diagram given belowThe scanned vote is first checked with he acceptability of the voter as explained in the first flow chart. If the finger print is accessible then the data of the specified person is taken into account. The voter’s thumb impression is verified with the previously cast votes. If there is no match then the vote is accepted and the count is increased by one. If the vote matches with any of the previous votes then the vote is rejected and th e person’s identity is stored and it is given to the police for further enquiry. There is a flash ROM in which these details can be stored. NETWORK FORMATION OF THE NETWORK The voting machines present in a town are interlinked in the form of a highly secure LAN. This network is formed with the help of the telephone lines. All the data collected in the voting system is first stored in the voting machine itself. Then it is sent to the HOST which will be located at headquarters of the town. All the data is collected there and it is transferred to the main HOST. The purpose of saving the data in the voting machine at first is that even if there is loss of data by some means then it can be easily retrieved from the machine again. In this way all the things are bought into a network. Fig:4. 1-Formation of the network These hosts are again grouped into network through radio waves or again telephone lines. Host is a device which consists of a PROCESSOR and a RAM. It will accept the data from all the voting machines through telephone lines and it will store the data in RAM (count of all parties). Then it will add the count of similar parties and store the count in ascending or descending order and display the result whenever it is necessary. Thus all the voting machines in the state can be formed into a network. The network can make use of RADIO waves or TELEPHONE lines for the data transfer. CONCLUSION ADVANTAGES 1. The system is highly reliable and secure. 2. In the long run the maintenance cost is very less when compared to the present systems. 3. Illegal practices like rigging in elections can be checked for. 4. It is possible to get instantaneous results and with high accuracy. CONCLUSION Thus the advent of this biometric thumb impression voting system would enable hosting of fair elections in India. This will preclude the illegal practices like rigging. The citizens can be sure that they alone can choose their leaders, thus exercising their right in the democracy.

When Politics Meets Religion Essay -- Essays on Politics

When Politics Meets Religion Much of the history we are taught in grade school and secondary education is filled with stories upon stories of political movements and uprising. The vast majority of these movements had one or two political leaders at the forefront whose ultimate goals included such things as liberating an oppressed people or reclaiming a status taken from a group of people by an outside force. Leaders of such movements have used a wide range of tactics to gain support for their political agendas, but one particular tactic has been so often used by said leaders that this tactic certainly deserves a closer examination. This tactic is religion. No matter what the nature of the movement may have been, so often we have seen and continue to see today how political leaders have made claims that God is supporting their cause. From the Crusades to the recent activities of Al Qaeda, the need for God’s support has been shown to be very important to establishing the legitimacy of a political ag enda. What happens when the political agenda fails to faithfully correspond with the religion it claims as its backing? Is there a relationship between the effectiveness of a political agenda and the faithfulness with which it adheres to the tenets of the religion it claims as its support? Indeed there is such a relationship, and upon closer examination, we will not only see that political agendas that faithfully adhere to the tenets of a proposed religious affiliation tend to be successful, but we will also see why this is the case. We will then consider how this knowledge can be used today to address current instances of oppressive regimes. First, however, let us examine why it is at all desirable for a political leader to ... ...m>. â€Å"Mahatma Gandhi - Indian Spiritual/Political Leader and Humanitarian.† 2 Feb. 2003. LucidCafe. Retrieved 4 Mar. 2003 â€Å"Martin Luther King, Jr. Civil - Rights Leader.† 2 Feb. 2003. LucidCafe. Retrieved 4 Mar.2003 . McClennen, Scott. Lecture. The role of religion in current politics. Fall 2003. Ethics and Development in a Global Economy. Stanford University. â€Å"Statement of United Church of Christ leaders opposing U.S. war against Iraq.† United Church of Christ website. Retrieved 4 Mar. 2003 . â€Å"Toppling Saddam Hussein: Troubling, Unanswered Questions.† Mar. 2002. Friends Committee on National Legislation. Retrieved 12 Mar. 2003 .

Psychology Perspectives

This behaviourist perspective is that we can understand any type of behaviour by looking at what the person has learned. Pesonality traits for example shyness, confidence, and optimism. Pavlov (CLASSICAL CONDITIONING) Ivan Pavlov, a Russian physiologist working with dogs to investigate their digestive systems. The dogs tested where attached to harness, and Pavlov attached monitor to their stomachs and mouths so he could measure the rate of salvation. He noticed when the laboratory assistant came in with the food before the dog had actually tasted the food the dog began to salivate.Pavlov speculated that the dog salivating because it had learned to associate the laboratory assistant with the food. This is when his theory began. Food automatically led to the response of salivation. Since salivation is an automatic response, he called this unconditioned response. This means a response that regularly occurs when an unconditioned stimulus is presented. As the food automatically leads to t his response, he called this an unconditioned stimulus; this means a stimulus that regularly and consistently leads to an automatic (not learned) response.Pavlov then presented food at the same time as the bell; too see if the dog would learn to associate the bell with food. After many goes the dog learned that the bell associated with food and began to salivate when only the bell rung and no food was presented. This is called conditioned response; this means a new, learned response to a previously neutral stimulus that mimics the response to unconditioned stimulus, it had learned the conditioned response of salivation to the conditioned stimulus (the bell).Conditioned stimulus means a neutral stimulus that, when paired with the unconditioned stimulus, produces a conditioned (learned) response, just as the unconditioned response used to. Skinner (OPERANT CONDITIONING) Burrhus Frederic Skinner, an American psychologist who worked mostly with rats and pigeons, to discover some of the key principles of learning new behaviours. He used a famous device, called a Skinner box. The box contained a leaver which, when pressed, released a food pellet into the box, this reinforcing lever-pressing behaviour.At first when he rat is in the box it will be running around sniffing his new surroundings, which at some point it, will press the leaver, releasing a food pellet. After a while when the rat has repeatedly performed this action, it will learn that this behaviour (pressing the leaver) I automatically followed by the release of a food pellet (the consequence). As the pellet is experienced as reinforcing (something that the rat would like to have more of), you called this positive reinforcement, this is happens when the consequence following a particular is experienced as desirable.Skinner then used a negative reinforcement which is when behaviour results in a consequence that removes something unpleasant. The negative reinforcement he used was a very low electrical curren t on the floor of the Skinner box. The current could be de-activated if the rat pressed the lever. Social learning theory Role models are very important. We can learn new behaviour from anyone but we imitate behaviour if we are strongly influenced by the way we perceive the person. We can be influenced by others when we observe someone who we admire behaving in a particular way; we are more likely to imitate such behaviour.Solomon Asch, social psychologist conducted experiments to show how an individual’s behaviour could be influenced and changed because they did not want to stand out from a crowd. This is known as ‘Majority Influence’ we all have a powerful desire to fit in and belong. He gathered a group of 6 people together. These people were play acting according to instruction. They were joined by a naà ¯ve participant and asked to take part in a visual perception test. Albert Bandura, theory is we learn from people we are exposed to in our environment. We learn new behaviours from people we observe, either in real life or in the media.This is called observational learning. The person we learn from is known as a role model (someone who has characteristics that inspire us to copy their behaviour). The process of imitating is called modelling (a process of basing behaviour, attitude, and style, of speech or dress on someone we admire or would like to be. Introduction This is a theory of human development which emphasises the interaction of biological drives with the social environment. Sigmund Freud, an Austrian psychologist, who developed the theory of psychodynamic psychology and the treatment known as psychoanalysis.Freud suggested that what we are aware of is represented in our conscious mind but many of our memories, feelings and past experiences are locked up in a part of our mind which he calls â€Å"unconscious†. We cannot access the contents of our unconscious, but they often â€Å"leak out† in our dreams or maybe just slip out of our tongue. He said early experiences are also important is in later life behaviours is clearly illustrated by Freud’s development theory of psychosexual several stages; 1. Oral Stage, primary source of interaction occurs through the mouth, so the rooting and sucking reflex is especially important.The mouth is crucial for eating, and the infant derives pleasure from oral stimulation through rewarding activities such as tasting and sucking because the infant is entirely dependent upon caretakers, the infant also develops a sense of trust and comfort through this oral stimulation. 2. Anal Stage, primary focus of the libido was on controlling bladder and bowel movements. The major conflict at this stage is toilet training; the child has to learn to control his or her bodily needs. Developing this control leads to a sense of accomplishment and independence. 3. Phallic Stage, primary focus of the libido is on the genitals.At this age, children also begin to disco ver the differences between males and females. Freud also believed that boys begin to view their fathers as a rival for the mother’s affections. 4. Latency Stage, The stage begins around the time that children enter into school and become more concerned with peer relationships, hobbies and other interests. 5. Genital Stage, during the final stage of psychosexual development, the individual develops a strong sexual interest in the opposite sex. This stage begins during puberty but last throughout the rest of a person's life.He tries to explain the power of early experience and how this may influence the adult personality. Freud divided the mind (the psyche) into 3 structures, the id, the ego and the superego. According to Freud these appear at different stages of a child’s development and are empowered by the libido (energy). The ID, part of the psyche we are born with, it operates on the pleasure principle, contains all our basic instincts such as need for food, drink, warmth. The Ego, part of the mind whose function it is to moderate the demands of the id and prevent the superego being too harsh, E. . Repression is a defence mechanism when a person forgets an event , denial is also a defence mechanism because your pushing am event or emotion out of consciousness. It operates on the reality principle. The superego, roughly equivalent to a conscience, the superego consists of an internalisation of all the values of the right and wrong we have been socialised to believe in. It also contains an image of our ideal self. Erik Erikson, a psychologist who agreed mostly with Freud’s theory in so far as he thought we developed through a series of stages.He also believed Freud’s put too much emphasis on our desire for individual gratification and not enough of our need to be accepted in society and lead meaningful life. The different psychosocial stages: Stage 1 (0-1 Year): This stage focuses on how the infant is parented, the positive outcom e of this is it dependable, responsive, and caring parenting leads to a sense of trust. The negative outcome is parenting lacks warmth and affection or is inconsistent leads to mistrust. Stage 2 (1- 3): This stage is being enabled to do things by yourself; the positive outcome is being supported in growing independence leads to a sense of autonomy.The negative outcome is being criticised and over-controlled leads to a feeling of doubt about your own competence. Stage 3 (3-6): This stage is interaction with the world; the positive is being encouraged to try out new skills and explore the world leads to a sense of initiative. The negative is being hampered in the desire to find things out. Stage 4 (6-12): This stage is to understand how things are made and how they work; the positive outcome is the ability to succeed at realistic tasks leads to a sense of industry. The negative outcome is being published take on tasks they are not ready for leafs to a sense of inferiority.Stage 5 (12- 18): This stage is developing a consistent sense of identify by experimentation, the positive outcome is the experimentation leads to a secure sense of identity. The negative outcome is the inabilities to experiment and develop a sense of identify leads to role confusion and a negative identify. Introduction Humanistic psychology looks at human experience from the viewpoint of the individual. It focuses on the idea of free will and the belief that we are all capable of making choices. Two psychologists associated with this approach are Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers.Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) an American psychologist who believed that we are all seeking to become the best that we can be, spiritually, physically, emotionally and intellectually. He called this self-actualisation, with this he constructed a theory known as the hierarchy of needs, in which he explained that every human being requires certain basic needs to be met before they will be able to approach the next level. Masl ow believed that until our basic physiological needs are met, we will focus on all kind of energies on getting them met and not be able to progress further.When we are all well-houses, well-fed and comfortable physically, we begin to focus on our emotional needs, such and the need to belong and be loved and to feel self-esteem. When our lives are such that these needs are met, we strive to self-actualise. Carl Rogers (1902-1987) was particularly interested in the concept of self. There are many aspects of the self but there are three important ones, self-esteem, self-concept and internalise. Self-Esteem, this is how valuable we feel as individuals. Someone with high self-esteem will believe they are loved and loveable and that they are important and valued.On the other hand people with low self-esteem may feel themselves to be worthless, of no value to anyone else, unloved and unlovable. Self-concept, this is how we see ourselves. In early life this comes from what we are told about ourselves E. g. You’re so Amazing, You’re such a good singer. As we grow older, our ability to think about ourselves develops and we begin to incorporate our own judgements e. g. I was really good at Science, I was the best driver, I wasn’t invited to that party- I was unpopular. Internalise, this is to do the way we take in information from the outside world and build it into our sense of self.It then becomes part of our feelings, thoughts and beliefs about who we are and what we expect from the world around us. Introduction This psychological perspective gas gained enormous ground since the 1960’sm when the influence of behaviourism began to wane. A great deal of research has been devoted to understanding cognitive processes such as attention , memory , perception, information processing , problem solving , though language and other aspects of cognition. Jean Piaget (1896-1980) was a Swiss psychologist who initially worked on measuring intelligence.He came to a conclusion that cognition develops through a series of stages m each new stage building on the previous one after he noticed children the same age made the same mistakes in logic. Stage 1: Sensory-motor (0-2), the world is experienced through motor activity and the senses. Stage 2: Pre-operational (2-7), Language develops along with memory. The child is egocentric and unable to conserve. Stage 3: Concrete operational (7-11), the child can now understand conversation but cannot yet solve problems mentally.Stage 4: Formal operational (11+), the child can now use abstract thoughts and represent problems mentally. Introduction The biological perspective is one of the major approaches to doing psychological research, which is focused on the idea that behaviours have biological causes. Common types of biological studies on behaviour include things like the effects of physical child abuse on future adult actions, how injuries such as head trauma affect behaviour, or whether or no t criminal behaviour can be explained by genetics.Maturation theory: The theory holds that the effects of the environment are miminal. The child is born with a set of genetic instructions passed down from its parents, and it’s cognitive, physical and other developmental processes merely unfold over time, rather than being dependent upon the environment to mature. This is the effect, a theory which states that development is due to nature not nature. Arnold Gesell, a psychologist and educator in the 1940s, was interested in child development. He did frequent observations of children, which Gesell formulated a theory known as maturation.This theory stated that developmental changes in a child's body or behaviour are a result of the aging process rather than from learning, injury, illness, or some other life experience. Gesell's idea of maturation was fixed in the biological, physiological, and evolutionary sciences. As a result, Gesell centered most of his theory on the power o f biological forces, which he felt provided momentum for development to occur. Gesell and his contemporaries proposed that development follows an arranged sequence and that the biological and evolutionary history of the species decides the order of this cycle.Maturation supports the idea that each child's unique genetic and biological makeup determines the rate of development despite of other potential environmental influences. Genetic influences on behaviour, genes can affect behaviour in many ways. Some disorders, such as cystic fibrosis and sickle cell anaemia, are caused when both parents pass on the gene for the disorder. Disorders that occur regardless of environmental influences, such as those listed above, are genetically determined disorders. This means that the individual who inherits the gene or genes is certain to develop the disorder, regardless of environmental factors.The influence of the nervous and endocrine systems on behaviour, the autonomic system produces its ef fects through activation of nerve fibres throughout the nervous system, brain and body or by stimulating the release of hormones from endocrine glands such as adrenal and pineal glands. The hormones are biochemical substances and they are released into the blood stream and have a profound effect on target organs and on behaviour. They are present in very small groups and individual molecules have a very short life, so their effects quickly disappear if they are not secreted 24/7.There are all sorts of different hormones in our body including. Melatonin, which is released by the pineal gland and its job, is to act on the brainstem sleep mechanism to help synchronise the phrases of sleep and activity. The second hormone is testosterone; this is released in the testicles in which may influence aggressive behaviour. The last one is oxytocin; this is release by the pituitary gland and stimulates the milk production and female orgasms. Only some hormones are released as a response to exte rnal stimuli. For example, the pineal glands respond to reduced daylight by increasing production of melatonin.M1 After doing my P1 criteria, I’ve look backed and only certain perspectives explain well and here are my opinions on them. These are Skinner (Behaviourist Perspective), Carl Rodgers (Humanistic Perspective), Sigmund Freud (Psychodynamic Approach) and Maslow’s hierarchy of needs helps explain also. On the other hand, I do not agree that our behaviour is simply down to our genes. In my opinion I believe that the environment and what we surround our self with has a huge impact on our behaviour. Due to this explanation I don’t think Gesell explains it very clear.I think Albert Bandura explains it very well as it is true we do tend to try to be like and want to be like people we consider as our role model. However, we only copy behaviours that interest us. In my opinion I don’t think the biological perspective explains behaviour well as I donâ€℠¢t believe that just our genes determine our behaviour, to me there is more to it. Such as our upbringing and environment and personal beliefs. People may say we don’t always copy a behaviour that we have seen by observing others as it may be reinforcing negative behaviour and therefore we recognize it as wrong and for those reasons we do not want to copy it.The behaviour could also be something that you don’t agree with as it may go against your beliefs or the way you have been brought up E. g. Moral and Values. We are more likely to copy behaviour from someone we know E. g. Peers like Family and Friends or aspire to be like. We are likely not to copy if we don’t have the same opinion or if it is simply against our beliefs or what we have been told. If the person has had a bad experience from doing certain behaviours, then we see it as a lesson and as a result we do not do the same, as we see it as negative behaviour.Another reason is if the outcome of that spe cific behaviour wasn’t something we anticipate. Also if the person who behaved in a certain way. In addition to this we are less likely to copy someone who is being punished for a certain action. We only imitate behaviours that interest us. Therefore, in my opinion I feel like the approach that is best at explaining behaviour is Skinner and his skinner box. I think this is the best approach when explaining behaviour as it is truthful and the outcome have shown this.I also believe it is the most successful as I believe it is true when we are satisfied with something and like the way it works. We will continue to use that service as long as it keeps us happy and meets our needs. This is very similar to what the rat was doing inside the Skinner box. Whenever the rat felt hungry it would press the lever which would then release a food pellet. The rat then continues to press the lever. This is similar to an individual being satisfies with a service as it is giving the individual w hat it requires therefore they keep going back.As they see it as a positive experience. Then it became an unpleasant experience when the rat was becoming electric shocked once pressing the lever. The rat then learned that it would continue to receive the shock if it continued to press the lever. So the rat learned to stop as it wasn’t having a pleasant experience. This is the same with us, if we started to have a horrible experience somewhere the likeliness is that we would stop using that service, and in the same way the rat stopped using the lever. Also when we do something where we see positive results, we will carry on.However, when the conflicting event occurs we will learn to stop carrying out that behaviour as it isn’t working in the way we wish. Therefore I believe this is the best approach to behaviour as I feel it is the truest in real life. My second person who I think explains behaviour well is Sigmund Freud. This is because he explained behaviour in a way where people can relate too. As the past we don’t often perhaps think of but sometimes it may hit us and make us realise that we were still carrying those memories and past experiences with us but we just didn’t realise.He also said they often leak out in dreams and slips of the tongue. Although we don’t always think of it as such, it is still there with us and that is what makes us dream about it. We then realise that it is still on our mind and it is something that is still creating an effect on us, even if the event occurred many years ago. My last person I agree with is Carl Rodgers. I judge what a child has been told throughout their life, will affect who and how they develop when they are older.For example, someone who has been called horrible names, will feel of no value will develop a low self esteem and confidence and they won’t feel good enough to do certain events. They will not feel very constructive about themselves. Therefore they may give u p on life and may miss many good opportunities. However someone who has always be pushed in life and have been told that they are smart and will do well, may actually go on in life and do well as they feel they have people that believe them. Therefore they believe in themselves and so this person will have developed a high self esteem and may be quite.